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Low quality of References

The list of references to the early history of Baghdad does not feature quality sources. To give some examples, in the article, section History/Foundation, it says ′They chose a site north of the Sassanid capital of Ctesiphon (and also just north of where ancient Babylon had once stood), and on 30 July 762[28] the caliph Al-Mansur commissioned the construction of the city.′. For further reading, one is referred to Corzine, Phyllis (2005), The Islamic Empire, Thomson Gale. pp. 68–69. But the only thing that I can find by way of biography, is that he is the author of books for ... young adults. He seems to be an amateur, lacking any suitable qualifications.

Another example is in the section Etymology, where for the term Middle Persion, one is referred to, among others, the article Baghdad in Islamic History, http://Islam.about.com, 15 July 2013, updated March 29, 2017, retrieved July 22, 2017. The author is one ′Huda′ who turns about to be a convert to islam, now living in the Middle East. She hasn't any qualifications whatsoever and cannot be expected to be objective.

I suggest, for literature and references, to stick to scholars, specializing in the relevant field, with a healthy respect for archeological field work, that is, making sure that their ideas are at least consistent with archeological results. --Gerard1453 (talk) 17:21, 22 July 2017 (UTC)[reply]

Addition by User:Ghalibrev

Even though chaotic, User:Ghalibrev made decent additions. I propose this edit to the Center of learning (8th to 13th centuries) section and if there's no disagreement, will edit the article in 72 hours. I'm not specialized in medieval Islamic history so assess the references at your own will. I'm going through all these efforts to make sure people can finally distinguish my edit and other vandalism.

Within a generation of its founding, Baghdad became a hub of learning and commerce. The city flourished into an unrivaled intellectual center of science, medicine, philosophy, and education, especially with the Abbasid Translation Movement began under the second caliph Al-Mansur and thrived under the the seventh caliph Al-Ma'mun.^[1] Baytul-Hikmah or the "House of Wisdom" was among the most well known academies,^[2] and had the largest selection of books in the world by the middle of the 9th century.^{[citation needed]} Notable scholars based in Baghdad during this time include translator Hunayn ibn Ishaq, mathematician al-Khwarizmi, and philosopher Al-Kindi.^[2] Although Arabic was used as the international language of science, the scholarship involved not only Arabs, but also Persians, Syriacs,^[3] Nestorians, Arab Christians,^[4]^[5] and people from other ethnic and religious groups native to the region.^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10] These are considered among the fundamental elements that contributed to the flourishing of scholarship in the Medieval Islamic world.^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14] Baghdad was also a significant center of Islamic religious learning, with Al-Jahiz contributing to the formation of Mu'tazili theology, as well as Al-Tabari culminating the scholarship on the Quranic exegesis.^[1] Baghdad was likely the largest city in the world from shortly after its foundation until the 930s, when it tied with Córdoba.^[15] Several estimates suggest that the city contained over a million inhabitants at its peak.^[16] Many of the One Thousand and One Nights tales, widely known as the Arabian Nights, are set in Baghdad during this period.

JahlilMA (talk) 10:08, 16 February 2019 (UTC)[reply]

References

^ ^a ^b Gordon, M.S. (2006). Baghdad. In Meri, J.W. ed. Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. New York: Routledge.
^ ^a ^b When Baghdad was centre of the scientific world. The Guardian. Retrieved February 16, 2019.
^ "The population of Hira comprised its townspeople, the 'Ibad "devotees", who were Nestorian Christians using Syriac as their liturgical and cultural language, though Arabic was probably the language of daily intercourse." (1983). Yarshater, E. (ed.). "The Cambridge History of Iran". doi:10.1017/chol9780521200929. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ 1938-, Ohlig, Karl-Heinz, - The hidden origins of Islam: new research into its early history. Prometheus Books. p. 32. :"The 'Ibad are tribes made up of different Arabian families that became connected with Christianity in al-Hira.". Early Islam. p. 32. ISBN 9781616148256. OCLC 914334282. {{cite book}}: |last= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ "Ḥira became renowned for its literate population of Arab Christians, Nestorians, or ʿEbād [al-Masiḥ] “devotees [of Christ].” ". "al-ḤĪRA". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Retrieved 2019-02-12. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Meri, Josef (2018-01-12). "Routledge Revivals: Medieval Islamic Civilization (2006)". doi:10.4324/9781315162416. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ "Sir Henry Lyons, F.R.S". Nature. 132 (3323): 55–55. July 1933. doi:10.1038/132055c0. ISSN 0028-0836.
^ E., Pormann, Peter (2007). Medieval Islamic medicine. Savage-Smith, Emilie. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. ISBN 9781589011601. OCLC 71581787.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ "syriacs during the islamic golden age - Google Search". www.google.com. Retrieved 2019-02-05.
^ HumWest (2015-03-14). "Baghdad in Its Golden Age (762-1300) | April 25–26, 2014". Humanities West. Retrieved 2019-02-05.
^ Falagas, Matthew E.; Zarkadoulia, Effie A.; Samonis, George (2006-08-01). "Arab science in the golden age (750–1258 C.E.) and today". The FASEB Journal. 20 (10): 1581–1586. doi:10.1096/fj.06-0803ufm. ISSN 0892-6638.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
^ Saliba, George (2007). "Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance". doi:10.7551/mitpress/3981.001.0001. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Jonathan., Lyons, (2011). The House of Wisdom : How the Arabs Transformed Western Civilization. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 9781608191901. OCLC 1021808136.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Cite error: The named reference author was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "Largest Cities Through History". Geography.about.com. 2 November 2009. Archived from the original on 24 June 2007. Retrieved 27 April 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Matt T. Rosenberg, Largest Cities Through History. Archived 24 June 2007 at WebCite

I originally proposed fixing the citations per WP:CITEHOW and integrating this content into the article body. It's suboptimal that the citations still include several books without page numbers, but I don't see anything obviously incorrect (aside from some minor issues like mixing up denominations with ethnicities and promoting the apparently disproved, though still widespread notion of the House of Wisdom was an academy rather than a library). It's undue in the lead, but it seems to fit well somewhere in the body of the article in this abridged version. The original, longer version could go into History of Baghdad. Eperoton (talk) 00:03, 17 February 2019 (UTC)[reply]

Thanks for your feedback. I’m aware it’s far from perfect (with cn part still exist) but hopefully I can find some time in the future to fix them up. JahlilMA (talk) 01:49, 19 February 2019 (UTC)[reply]

Original pronunciation: Bagdad? Bardad? Bagdat? Berdat?

It was originally pronounced Bardad (with a glottal R similar to the French R, and not like the Spanish R). To this day, that is the native pronunciation, with the Arabic Rain - which is an emphasized (glottal) Ain, and depicted in Biblical Hebrew as the letter Gimmel (equivalent to C) without an emphasis diacritical dot in it (which would turn it to the English sound of J similar to what happens with the letter G in English i.e. in the word Geography).

According to Rashi's commentary on the Talmud the city reffered to as Bagdat or Bagdetta is "The major city of Bagdad". It could mean in Aramaic (and similarly in Hebrew): On the shore - with the root GDa meaning shore or river-wall and Ba meaning at, or (in both languages) "You have committed treason" (with the verbal root BGD meaning to commit treason, with the vowels BAGAD meaning to have committed treason in the past, and the additional Ta meaning "By You").

See the Daf Yomi (in Hebrew) about Rashi and Bagdad vs. Bagdat.

Has anybody heard of this? Is this the "Jewish" way of calling that city, or is there any evidence that it was an early pronunciation of the name of the city? פשוט pashute ♫ (talk) 16:00, 20 October 2020 (UTC)[reply]

Name of Baghdad

There are errors in the article on the subject of naming, as I have added all the old nomenclature based on archeology and approved scientific and academic sources by Dr. Taha Baqer. Dr. Taha Baqer discovered an entire archaeological city under Baghdad, the Kingdom of Eshnunna, in which the law of the Kingdom of Eshnunna was found, which is older than the famous Hammurabi law مصطفى محمد ٣٠٥ (talk) 00:44, 18 August 2021 (UTC)[reply]

In this edit, you've removed a number of reasonable looking reliable sources and replaced them with text attributed to a single source; additionally, the new text you've introduced is rife with grammatical and formatting mistakes. OhNoitsJamie ^Talk 00:48, 18 August 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Please stop pointlessly copying the same text as replies to questions from 6 years ago. OhNoitsJamie ^Talk 00:53, 18 August 2021 (UTC)[reply]

The Golden Gate Palace

"The roundness" The roundness of what? Can anybody assist? I don't have the sources cited and can't check this. Spinney Hill (talk) 08:44, 14 March 2022 (UTC) .[reply]

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion

The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion:

Flag of Baghdad.svg

You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 20:21, 28 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for deletion

The following Wikimedia Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for deletion:

Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 22:02, 19 August 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for deletion

The following Wikimedia Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for deletion:

Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 20:39, 22 August 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Linguistics

Reparations are needed in the shining part of the globe currently because they’re sixth god worshipping. 2600:1700:BB80:11D0:6D95:8BD8:71AD:FDF4 (talk) 16:07, 27 October 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Metro

I have done a copy edit of this paragraph to correct grammar, simplify, and shorten. I have tried to increase readability and cut out business and advertising gobbledegook but the meaning of "Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) towers" and the precise meaning of "transfer" in this context escape me. Can anyone assist? Spinney Hill (talk) 08:24, 2 September 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Governance

I think I may have finally been able to figure out the administrative nature of the Governorate and Municipality, at least to an extent that it would require a total rewriting of that section of the article. The "District Advisory Councils" only need to be mentioned in passing so far as they are relevant to the existing municipal boundaries. Also, there have been many changes since this section was written years ago.

The city of Baghdad within the governorate, Baghdad Mayoralty (Amanat), appears to be another layer of government atop the governorate administration, and where they overlap, the governorate administration appears to be dormant. Baghdad Governorate appears to be divided into at least 10 administrative districts (qada'a), currently, which are subdivided into subdistricts (nahiyah). The much smaller area of the Baghdad Mayoralty overlays all or parts of 6 central administrative districts. Baghdad Mayoralty is divided into 14 city districts or boroughs (kati'), currently, which are subdivided into neighborhoods (hayy). So:

Baghdad Governorate

Districts (qada'a)
- Subdistricts (nahiyah)

Baghdad Mayoralty

City districts/Boroughs (kati')
- Neighborhood (hayy)

Each four of these divisions have local councils, though, again, where the mayoralty overlaps with the governorate, only the former appears to have jurisdiction. For the mayoralty city districts/boroughs, they double as municipalities (baladiyah) which provide services. There is only one mayor (mayoralty) for all of the city districts/municipalities, however.

Anyway, since I am not from here, or know if I've described this all correctly, I'd like someone else to rewrite this section of the article and make the necessary changes to related articles dealing with the administration of the governorate. Since this article deals with the city, the explanation of the governorate divisions should be mostly avoided to prevent the confusion that has plagued this article for years. I'd also probably remove a list of the neighborhoods, as there number and boundaries have probably changed. What is most important is that 1. the city is divided into city districts or boroughs, 2. the boroughs are divided into neighborhoods, 3. these have elected councils, 4. major city services are provided at the city district level, 5. these are all overseen by a mayor. Criticalthinker (talk) 06:34, 27 January 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Image in infobox

Which one of the images are suitable for infobox @Local Mandaean @SonOfBabylon1 @Abo Yemen

Green Zone, Haydar-Khana Mosque, Qushla, Iraq Museum, Al-Sarafiya Bridge, Zuqaq al-Sarai and Al-Zawraa Park
Option 1

Option 2
Green Zone, Qushla, Al-Kadhimiya Mosque, Baghdad Tourist Island, Tigris, Al-Zawraa Park, Thousand and One Nights Park,

Option 3
Green Zone, Al-Rasheed Street, Abdul Karim Qasim Museum, Tourist Island, Tigris, Liberation Square and Al-Sarafiya Bridge

Option 4
Green Zone, Shaheed Monument, Iraq Museum, al-Zawraa Park, Qushla and Baghdad Medical City, Al-Kadhimiya Mosque and Khan Murjan

Kharbaan Ghaltaan (talk) 12:45, 5 February 2025 (UTC)[reply]

@Kharbaan Ghaltaan can you add captions to the suggested photos so that we know which of those places are more notable and deserve to be in the infobox 𐩣𐩫𐩧𐩨 Abo Yemen (𓃵) 13:29, 5 February 2025 (UTC)[reply]

added Kharbaan Ghaltaan (talk) 14:28, 5 February 2025 (UTC)[reply]

@Local Mandaean @SonOfBabylon1 @Abo Yemen Now the captions are added Kharbaan Ghaltaan (talk) 17:30, 5 February 2025 (UTC)[reply]

[Meri-1] Gordon, M.S. (2006). Baghdad. In Meri, J.W. ed. Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. New York: Routledge.

[Kh-2] When Baghdad was centre of the scientific world. The Guardian. Retrieved February 16, 2019.

[3] "The population of Hira comprised its townspeople, the 'Ibad "devotees", who were Nestorian Christians using Syriac as their liturgical and cultural language, though Arabic was probably the language of daily intercourse." (1983). Yarshater, E. (ed.). "The Cambridge History of Iran". doi:10.1017/chol9780521200929. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[4] 1938-, Ohlig, Karl-Heinz, - The hidden origins of Islam: new research into its early history. Prometheus Books. p. 32. :"The 'Ibad are tribes made up of different Arabian families that became connected with Christianity in al-Hira.". Early Islam. p. 32. ISBN 9781616148256. OCLC 914334282. {{cite book}}: |last= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[5] "Ḥira became renowned for its literate population of Arab Christians, Nestorians, or ʿEbād [al-Masiḥ] “devotees [of Christ].” ". "al-ḤĪRA". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Retrieved 2019-02-12. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[6] Meri, Josef (2018-01-12). "Routledge Revivals: Medieval Islamic Civilization (2006)". doi:10.4324/9781315162416. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[7] "Sir Henry Lyons, F.R.S". Nature. 132 (3323): 55–55. July 1933. doi:10.1038/132055c0. ISSN 0028-0836.

[8] E., Pormann, Peter (2007). Medieval Islamic medicine. Savage-Smith, Emilie. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. ISBN 9781589011601. OCLC 71581787.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[9] "syriacs during the islamic golden age - Google Search". www.google.com. Retrieved 2019-02-05.

[10] HumWest (2015-03-14). "Baghdad in Its Golden Age (762-1300) | April 25–26, 2014". Humanities West. Retrieved 2019-02-05.

[11] Falagas, Matthew E.; Zarkadoulia, Effie A.; Samonis, George (2006-08-01). "Arab science in the golden age (750–1258 C.E.) and today". The FASEB Journal. 20 (10): 1581–1586. doi:10.1096/fj.06-0803ufm. ISSN 0892-6638.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[12] Saliba, George (2007). "Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance". doi:10.7551/mitpress/3981.001.0001. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[13] Jonathan., Lyons, (2011). The House of Wisdom : How the Arabs Transformed Western Civilization. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 9781608191901. OCLC 1021808136.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[author-14] Cite error: The named reference author was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[15] "Largest Cities Through History". Geography.about.com. 2 November 2009. Archived from the original on 24 June 2007. Retrieved 27 April 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[16] Matt T. Rosenberg, Largest Cities Through History. Archived 24 June 2007 at WebCite

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